Hard water and scale on well water
In short
Hard water means high levels of calcium and magnesium. It's not a health risk, but it leaves white scale, uses up more soap, and shortens the life of water heaters and appliances.
Signs to look for
- White, chalky crust on faucets and showerheads
- Spots on dishes and glasses
- Soap and shampoo that don't lather well
- A water heater that's noisy or wears out early
How hard is your water?
Hardness is reported in grains per gallon (gpg) or mg/L. One grain per gallon equals 17.1 mg/L.
| Grains per gallon | mg/L | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Under 1 | Under 17 | Soft |
| 1 to 3.5 | 17 to 60 | Slightly hard |
| 3.5 to 7 | 60 to 120 | Moderately hard |
| 7 to 10.5 | 120 to 180 | Hard |
| Over 10.5 | Over 180 | Very hard |
Do you need a water softener?
Many people consider a softener once water reaches about 7 grains per gallon. A softener swaps hardness minerals for sodium (or potassium), and many can also remove small amounts of iron.
- Size it to your water and household. An oversized softener wastes salt and water. You need your hardness and iron numbers, plus how many people live in the home.
- On a low-sodium diet? Use potassium chloride instead of salt, or put a reverse osmosis system at the kitchen sink.
- "Salt-free" conditioners don't remove hardness. They're designed to reduce scale buildup, and results vary.
When to call a professional
If you also have iron, manganese, or low pH, the order of the equipment matters. Get a recommendation based on a full lab test, and compare at least two quotes.
Get a free in-home water screening
One trusted local company checks your water at home and gives you a written quote. Free, with no obligation.